The Debian repository does not contain compiz-fusion. You have to add the following line to /etc/apt/sources.list:
deb http://download.tuxfamily.org/shames/debian-sid/desktopfx/unstable/ ./

Now run:

aptitude update
aptitude search compiz

aptitude install compiz-core compiz-settings-manager fusion-icon
The final steps are very similar to the ones used in ubuntu. Follow the described steps about fusion-icon.